Scenario Planning
Scenarios are stories about the future. They provide alternative views of the future. They identify significant events, and summarize likely future outcomes. Understanding how to build and use scenarios can help us explore what the future might look like and how we can influence it for business success. They are particularly useful in developing strategies to navigate events that can significantly alter our future course. When well executed, scenarios provide a range of advantages.
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What is Scenario Planning?
Rising uncertainty about the future business environment requires a powerful tool to successfully manage futures. The need to rigorously imagine alternative outcomes is essential for business leaders to anticipate and prepare for the future. That is the fundamental rationale for scenario planning.
Scenario planning is a strategic planning tool used to make flexible long-term plans. It is a method for learning about the future by understanding the nature and impact of the most uncertain and important driving forces affecting our world.
Scenarios enable us to provide our clients with a more distant horizon and a broader field of vision. This enhanced vision translates into an improved command of strategic alternatives and a sharper understanding of both opportunities and risks.
Accurately predicting the future is complex. Scenario planning uses trend analysis helps build tests of plausibility into the process.
Scenario planning however assumes that the future can differ greatly from what we know today. The method is based on creating a series of 'different futures' generated from a combination of known factors, such as demographics, with plausible alternative political, economic, social, technical, legal and environmental (PESTLE) trends which are key driving forces. The goal is to craft diverging worlds by extrapolating these heavily-influencing driving forces. The technique can also include anticipatory thinking elements that are difficult to formalize, such as subjective interpretations of facts, shifts in values, new regulations or inventions.
It is a group process which encourages knowledge exchange and development of mutual deeper understanding of central issues important to the future of your organization. Although the method is most widely used as a strategic management tool, it can also be used for enabling other types of group discussion about a common future.
The thought processes involved in getting to the scenarios have the dual purpose of increasing knowledge of the environment in which you operate and widening the perception of possible future events. For each of these worlds, appropriate action plans can be considered. Asking the key question, 'what do we need to do (now) to be ready for all scenarios?', can then inform the formulation of strategies to cope with these differing pictures of the future.
The benefits of this approach can be significant. Scenarios give firms a structure for dealing with complexity and turbulence, a means by which planners can stress-test their assumptions and conclusions, align leadership, and build shareholder value.
The art of scenario-based strategic planning is to connect the world of what ifs with down-to-earth decision-making. This requires translating complex concepts into clear and compelling implications for markets, sectors, and individual companies. If done effectively in a creative, rigorous manner with engaged, open-minded stakeholders scenario planning can be an invaluable tool for gaining immediate impact and longer-term advantage.
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Potential Use
Scenario thinking can be used at several levels within an organisation, and in many different contexts, whether for specific projects or for overall strategic management.
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How we can help you
Quantitative
We do not focus on intricate storytelling, although our scenarios are grounded in realistic appraisals of political, economic and technological uncertainties. We focus on and quantify the parameters that are most important to you, along with our assessment of probabilities.
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Customizable
Each client may have their own particular views or concerns over key assumptions. We allow clients to get a consistent view of their industry, under their assumptions. We also work with clients to assist them in determining how best to incorporate the conclusions of the scenario work into their decision-making process.
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Scenario Planning Process
References:
Beery, J., Eidinow, E. and Murphy, N. (Editors) The Mont Fleur Scenarios: What will South Africa be like in the year 2002? Deeper News Vol 7 No 1. California: Global Business Network.
Berger, G. (1964) Phénoménologies du Temps et Prospectives, Paris: Presse Universitaires de France.
Bishop, P. Hines, A & Collins, T. (2007) The Current State of Scenario Development Foresight Vol 9, No. 1,
March 2007
de Jouvenel, B. (1967) The Art of Conjecture. New York: Basic Books de Jouvenel, H. (2004) Invitation à la
Prospective An Invitation to Foresight. Futuribles, Perspectives, Special Issue 88 pages.
de Molina, L (1589) Liberi arbitrii cum gratiae donis, divina praescientia, providentia, predestinatione et
reprobatione Concordia, known simply as Concordia, Lisbon, 1589 [available from
http://www3.nd.edu/~afreddos/papers/molina.htm]
Diffenbach, J, (1983) Corporate Environmental Analysis in Large US Corporations. Long Range Planning Vol
16 No 3 pp 107-116
Fahey, L. & Randall, R.M. (eds) (1998) Learning from the Future: Competitive Foresight Scenarios. New
York: John Wiley & Sons
Godet, M. (1987) Scenarios and Strategic Management. London: Butterworth Scientific.
Godet, M. (2006) Creating Futures: Scenario Planning as a Strategic Management Tool, 2nd edn. London:
Economica-Brookings.
Kahn, H. & Weiner, A. (1967) The Year 2000: A Framework for Speculation on the Next Thirty Years. New
York: Macmillan.
Krawczyk, E. & Ratcliffe, J. (2004) Imagine Ahead - Plan Backwards: The Prospective Methodology and its
Application in Urban and Regional Planning. In: Conference of Irish Geographers, 7-9 May, 2004. National
University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.
Malaska, P. & Virtanen, I. (2005) Theory of Futuribles Futura 2-3 pp 10-28 [available from
http://lipas.uwasa.fi/~itv/publicat/Futuribles.pdf]
Willmore, J. (2001) Scenario Planning: Creating Strategy for Uncertain Times Information Outlook [online]
9.1.2001 [available from http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-78544351.html]
Some Predictions
1901 - The world market for cars is 1 million - Henry Ford
1943 - I think there is a world market for maybe 5 computers. - Thomas Watson, Chairman, IBM
1968 - The Japanese auto industry isn't likely to carve out a big slice of the U.S. market." - Business Week.
1977 - There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home. - Ken Olsen, President, DEC
1996 - Dell PC manufacturing to order will never take off ! Alan Sugar, Amstrad CEO
2007 - Twitter doesnt make any sense. - Jason Pontin, NY Times